Evidence Course Essay Example

Proof Course Essay Derechos reservados de autor El origen y conceptos basicos de Evidencia El termino Evidencia proviene del latin indictum, que significa aparente y likely de que existe alguna cosa y a su vez es sinonimo de senal, muestra o indicacion. Por lo tanto, es todo material reasonable significativo que se percibe con los sentidos y que tienen relacion con un hecho delictivo. En terminos legales significa, una certeza clara y manifiesta tan recognizable de un hecho que nadie puede racionalmente dudar de ella. Se diferencia del termino Prueba, porque el significado de prueba, es el resultado de la evidencia cuando ya ha sido admitida en el foro legal. En castellano se dice que es toda razon, argumento, instrumento u otro medio con que se pretende mostrar y hacer patente la verdad o falsedad de algo. El Tribunal Supremo de P. R. resolvio y definio el termino Prueba suficiente en derecho en el caso 117 D. P. R. 283 Pueblo V. S Ismael Rivera (1986) el Tribunal sostuvo que es la prueba que produce certeza o conviccion moral en una conciencia de preocupacion o en un animo no prevenido por parte del juzgador de los hechos en controversia. We will compose a custom paper test on Evidence Course explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom paper test on Evidence Course explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on Evidence Course explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Desarrollo de las Reglas de Evidencia en Puerto Rico En Puerto Rico segun Resumil (2000) la jurisprudencia e interpretacion de las Reglas de Evidencia se consideran fuentes del Derecho Procesal Penal y establecen la forma en que el proceso habra de llevarse a cabo reglamentando las etapas y la forma y manera en que los funcionarios del estado han de presentar la evidencia en contra de las personas imputadas de hechos delictivos. Ademas, la Constitucion de Puerto Rico posee el poder de reglamentar los procedimientos judiciales. Sobre este specific el articulo V seccion 6 establece que el Tribunal Supremo adoptara, para los tribunales, las reglas de evidencia, procedimiento common y criminal que no menoscaben, amplien o modifiquen derechos sustantivos de las partes. Las Reglas asi adoptadas se remitiran a la Asamblea Legislativa al comienzo de su proxima sesion ordinaria y regiran sesenta dias despues de la terminacion de dicha esion, salvo desaprobacion por la Asamblea Legislativa, la cual tendra facultad, tanto en dicha sesion como posteriormente para enmendar, derogar o completar cualquiera de dichas reglas, mediante ley especifica a tal efecto. Disposiciones Generales Aplicabilidad de las Reglas en los Tribunales Las Reglas de Evidencia de P. R. de la Ley de Evidencia de P. R. risks del ano 1979, posteriormente en ese mismo tiempo en octubre de 1979 surgen unas nuevas reglas sufriendo enmiendas hasta el an o 2010 donde reaparece una transformacion y se adoptan nuevos cambios que van a tono con los adelantos tecnologicos y el desarrollo social moderno. Las regla 101 (A) 1, y (A) (2) establecen que estas reglas se aplican a todos los casos civiles y criminales en las salas del Tribunal de Primera Instancia, bet un Tribunal de Apelaciones y bet el propio Tribunal Supremo, con arreglo a los limites establecidos en sus respectivos reglamentos. La Regla 103 (B) establece ademas que estas reglas no aplican en casos de desacato sumario. Bajo las reglas de evidencia de 1979, en los casos administrativos no period obligatorio su aplicacion, pero el Tribunal Supremo ordeno su aplicacion de manera adaptable en caso de aplicarlas, es decir si usa su discrecion al utilizarlas el oficial examinador garantizara el derecho a todos por igual. Continuacion de aplicabilidad La regla 103 (B) postula que en todas las acciones de indole common y criminal (reformatory) asi como en todas las etapas de estos procesos se deben aplicar y respetar lo concerniente a los privilegios de los testigos y lo relativo al medio de prueba conocido como conocimiento legal. En palabras entendibles los jueces deben de aplicar estas reglas bajo el examen de informacion que puede ser considerada privilegiada o ocean que si se demuestra que es una informacion privilegiada el juez no puede obligar an ese testigo a que tenga que revelar tal informacion. Ejemplo conversaciones entre abogado cliente, medico paciente, negocios, secretos profesionales, trabajador social y cliente y todas aquellas senaladas en estas reglas. Igualmente ocurre en la aplicacion de introducir el conocimiento legal como medio de prueba, el juez debe admitirla aplicando estas reglas si es legalmente aceptable. Aplicabilidad en otros procedimientos criminales La regla 103 (D) (2) (an) expresamente excluye y descarta la aplicacion de estas reglas de evidencia en la regla 23 de Procedimiento criminal conocida como la Vista Preliminar. Debemos recordar que este es un proceso de presentacion de una mera cintila de prueba de parte de la fiscalia es decir el monetary no tiene que traer toda la prueba que tenga para probar el caso mas alla de toda duda razonable, tampoco se trata de un minijuicio. El caso de Opio V. S. Opio (1975) 104 D. P. R. 165 en su supposition el Tribunal Supremo afirmo que los procesos judiciales incluyendo la vista preliminar no child competencias en las cuales ha de prevalecer el mas listo si no que mas bien la meta last de todo proceso legal es que siempre se haga justicia y que nosotros los seres humanos somos capaces de lograrlo fundamentando esta aseveracion en el esclarecimiento de la verdad. Aplicacion de las reglas en casos administrativos Ampliando un poco mas acerca de la aplicacion de las reglas en casos administrativos especificamente en cuanto a la Ley de Procedimiento Administrativo Uniforme, la seccion (3. 13) adopto las normas jurisprudenciales resueltas por el Tribunal Supremo de P. R. y dispuso que, en las vistas administrativas adjudicativas formales las reglas de evidencia no serian aplicables, pero los principios fundamentales de evidencia si podrian ser utilizados. Todos los privilegios de los testigos contenidos en estas reglas si se aplican en los procedimientos administrativos. Es decir un oficial examinador puede tomar conocimiento legal igual que lo haria un juez del court y tambien puede excluir evidencia que no ocean pertinente o que constituya informacion privilegiada como ya reitere anteriormente. El caso de J. R. T. V. S. Autoridad de Comunicaciones, 1981, 110 D. P. R. 879 establecio como norma juridica que estas reglas seran interpretadas mas liberalmente en casos administrativos y mas aun en casos de arbitraje, para facilitar todo aquello que ocean pertinente an una controversia. Continuacion de la aplicacion Otro caso Lopez V. S. Policia. 118 D. P. R. 219, reitero en su fundamento juridico que bajo la antigua regla (2) de evidencia hoy dia la regla 103 (E) se explica que las reglas aplican en procedimientos establecidos por leyes especiales, salvo que expresamente se disponga lo contrario o sean incompatibles con la naturaleza del procedimiento particular contemplado en la ley. Por tanto, en los procedimientos administrativos regidos por la ley la norma juridica es la no aplicacion automatica de las reglas de evidencia, desde luego queda a discrecion del oficial examinador que presida la vista administrativa aplicar aquellas reglas que no sean incompatibles con la flexibilidad de los procedimientos administrativos. En arroz y habichuela de aplicar cualquier otra regla no adaptable que esten dentro de las discutidas bets o ocean conocimiento legal o privilegio de los testigos debe entonces darle oportunidad igual a las partes envueltas en la controversia, su aplicacion seria de forma justa e imparcial para ambas partes. Continuacion de la aplicabilidad La regla 103 (D) establece que tampoco aplican en los siguientes casos o situaciones: 1. Las determinaciones preliminares a la admisibilidad de prueba, de conformidad con la regla 109 (A) 2. Los procedimientos interlocutorios o post sentencia entre otros: a. Causas para arresto o acusar, vista preliminar, para expedir ordenes de registros y allanamientos. b. Fases de sentencias en procesos penales. c. Imposicion de fianzas o condiciones en procedimientos criminales. d. Vistas de revocacion de libertad a prueba o condicionada. e. Entredichos provisionales o Interdictos preliminares y los procedimientos ex parte en ninguno de los procedimientos o etapas procesales en los Tribunales de Puerto Rico child de aplicabilidad estas reglas de evidencia segun lo establece el Tribunal Supremo de Puerto Rico en sus interpretaciones judiciales. Los medios de prueba bajo la antigua ley de Evidencia †¢ Conocimiento legal †¢ Evidencia testifical †¢ Evidencia documental †¢ Evidencia genuine, cientifica o demostrativa †¢ Las pruebas de referencia que on admisibles como excepciones a la regla de no admisibilidad †¢ Confesiones Regla 109 ( C) se examina si fue voluntaria †¢ Testimonios en peligro de muerte ( requiere corroboracion para ser valida) †¢ Testimonios de testigos no disponibles por muerte o enfermedad cuando hayan sido contrainterrogados previamente y cumplen con la admisibilidad del testimonio bajo el examen de la regla 109 el juez determina si se puede usar esa declaracion jur ada en ausencia del testigo que no esta presente y declaro bets. Las reglas apelativas y los efectos de errores en procesos apelativos Una cosa que muchos abogados aun no tienen claro es que un juez puede equivocarse al admitir una evidencia o al rechazarla, y aun asi, no se revocara la sentencia en apelacion. El caso de Colon V. S. K-bazaar, 154 D. P. R. 510 (2001) implanto la norma juridica que un council de apelacion solamente intervendra con las determinaciones de hechos y de creedibilidad del court de instancia es decir el council second rate de donde proviene la

How to Write an APA Results Section

How to Write an APA Results Section Student Resources APA Style and Writing Print How to Write an APA Results Section By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on February 03, 2020 Verywell / Nusha Ashjaee More in Student Resources APA Style and Writing Study Guides and Tips Careers In This Article Table of Contents Expand Results and Claims Relevant Findings Summarize Tables and Figures Statistics Effect Sizes Additional Tips View All Back To Top The results section of an APA format paper summarizes the data that was collected and the statistical analyses that were performed. The goal of this section is to report the results without any type of subjective interpretation. Heres how to write a results section for an APA format psychology paper. The Results Should Justify Your Claims Report data in order to sufficiently justify your conclusions. Since youll be talking about your own interpretation of the results in the discussion section, you need to be sure that the information reported in the results section justifies your claims. As you write your discussion section, look back on your results section to ensure that all the data you need is there to fully support the conclusions you reach.   Dont Omit Relevant Findings Just as your results sections should sufficiently justify your claims, it should also provide an accurate look at what you found in your study. Be sure to mention all relevant information. If your hypothesis expected more statistically significant results, dont omit the findings if they failed to support your predictions.   Dont ignore negative results. Just because a result failed to support your hypothesis, it does not mean it is not important. Results that do not support your original hypothesis can be just as informative as results that do. Even if your study did not support your hypothesis, it does not mean that the conclusions you reach are not useful. Provide data about what you  found in your results sections, then save your interpretation for what such results might mean in the discussion section. While your study might not have supported your original predictions, your finding can provide important inspiration for future explorations into a topic. You might not have supported your hypothesis, but your findings may help you develop another hypothesis to explore in future studies. Summarize Your Results Do not include the raw data in the results section. Remember, you are summarizing the results, not reporting them in full detail. The results section should be a relatively brief overview of your findings, not a complete presentation of every single number and calculation. If you choose, you can create a supplemental online archive where other researchers can access the raw data if they choose to do so. Include Tables and Figures Your results section should include both text and illustrations. Presenting data in this way makes it easier for readers to quickly look at your results. Structure your results section around tables or figures that summarize the results of your statistical analysis. In many cases, the easiest way to accomplish this is to first create your tables and figures and then organize them in a logical way. Next, write the summary text to support your illustrative materials. Do not include tables and figures if you are not going to talk about them in the body text of your results section. Do not present the same data twice in your illustrative materials. If you have already presented some data in a table, do not present it again in a figure. If you have presented data in a figure, do not present it again in a table. Report Your Statistical Findings Always assume that your readers have a solid understanding of statistical concepts. Theres no need to explain what a t-test is or how a one-way ANOVA works; just report the results. Your responsibility is to report the results of your study, not to teach your readers how to analyze or interpret statistics. Include Effect Sizes The Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association recommends including effect sizes in your results section so that readers can appreciate the importance of your studys findings. More Tips for Writing a Results Section The results section should be written in the past tense.Focus on being concise and objective. You will have the opportunity to give your own interpretations of the results in the discussion section.Read more information on how to write a results section in APA format.Visit your library and read some journal articles that are on your topic. Pay attention to how the authors present the results of their research.If possible, take your paper to your schools writing lab for additional assistance. A Word From Verywell Remember, the results section of your paper is all about simply providing the data from your study. This section is often the shortest part of your paper, and in most cases, the most clinical. Be sure not to include any subjective interpretation of the results. Simply relay the data in the most objective and straightforward way possible. You can then provide your own analysis of what these results mean in the discussion section of your paper.

Intro to System Analysis and Design - 1720 Words

Introduction to System Analysis and Design 1. INTRODUCTION Systems are created to solve problems. One can think of the systems approach as an organized way of dealing with a problem. In this dynamic world, the subject System Analysis and Design, mainly deals with the software development activities. 2. Defining Your System A collection of components that work together to realize some objective forms a system. Basically there are three major components in every system, namely input, processing and output. [pic] In your system define the different components that are connected to each other and how they are interdependent. Remember the objective of the system demands that some output is produced as a result of processing the suitable†¦show more content†¦System Analysis also includes sub-dividing of complex process involving the entire system, identification of data store and manual processes. The main points you are to discuss in your papers regarding system analysis are: †¢ Specification of what the new system is to accomplish based on the user requirements. †¢ Functional hierarchy showing the functions to be performed by the new system and their relationship with each other. †¢ Function network which are similar to function hierarchy but they highlight those functions which are common to more than one procedure. †¢ List of attributes of the entities - these are the data items which need to be held about each entity (record) (d) System Design Based on the user requirements and the detailed analysis of a new system, the new system must be designed. This is the phase of system designing. It is a most crucial phase in the development of a system. Normally, the design proceeds in two stages: †¢ preliminary or general design †¢ Structure or detailed design Preliminary or general design: In the preliminary or general design, the features of the new system are specified. The costs of implementing these features and the benefits to be derived are estimated. If the project is stillShow MoreRelatedroject- Issues on Needs Analysis Intro: Effective performance is a function of determining the600 Words   |  3 Pagesroject- Issues on Needs Analysis Intro: Effective performance is a function of determining the outcome of knowledge and skills acquired by a person. It often comes from some form of learning, education, training or development. In application to the business world, there are certain performance expectations instilled within employees. Effective job performance is vital to meet business requirements and maintain competitive advantage in the market. A comprehensive and systematic model is to be usedRead MoreThe Importance Of Decision Support Strategy1706 Words   |  7 Pagesprospering and fast-paced specialty. 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This includes the installation and setup of all the network devices, cabling and interfaces but may be limited to workstations, devices, servers, switches, routers, racks and all related software. NETWORK SCOPE The proposed networkRead MoreAMITY ASSIGNMENT-MARKETING MANAGEMENT1485 Words   |  6 Pagessuitable examples. 3 . What is marketing research? Discuss the marketing research process with the help of an example. Briefly explain the different sources of data. 4 . What do you mean by productivity analysis? Differentiate between productivity analysis and profitability analysis. What are the different steps in the direct and indirect approaches to marketing budgeting? 5 . What do you mean by media scheduling? Explain the procedure for evaluating advertising programes with theRead MoreBusiness Analysis : Climate Design1057 Words   |  5 PagesIntro: The company of focus for this particular examination is Climate Design. 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Back in the day the major idea of learning was limited to a physical classroom environment, but since the advent of computers and the Internet that idea has since changed. Now it is possible to learn anywhere at anytime as long as one has a computing device and Internet access. There is usually confusion between Online Learning and E-learningRead MoreHealth and Wellness Education841 Words   |  4 PagesTO Provides standard first aid and CPR, with a more in-depth look at sudden illness, specific disease, and emergencies. *HWE 124 FITNESS AND WELLNESS * 2 CREDITS Provides information on fitness and wellness and to serve as a guide to design, implement, and evaluate a complete personal fitness and wellness program. The course integrates the basic components of fitness and wellness in understanding human health in order to achieve well-being. This course offers current information

Television In the Lives of Children Essay - 2610 Words

Television In The Lives Of Children Consistently, everywhere, in this century there seems to be some form of a TV screen. These screens appear in restaurants, schools, at work, at home, and quite possibly more. What is forgotten in society is how that screen may affect the lives of the children in this modern world. When children are constantly watching a television screen there may be consequences to their health and education. Most parents do not have the ability to control what is shown on TV. Many programs disagreeably display marathons after school and during holidays. Supposedly, adult shows are only showed late at night, but with movies becoming more and more explicit, even bed time can’t stop the most determined child. Children’s†¦show more content†¦Violence on the television can also be affecting children’s health. â€Å"Injuries are the leading cause of death in children, and watching unsafe behavior on TV may increase childrens risk-taking behavior.† (Boyse Online). So, when watching Americas Funniest Home Videos make sure to monitor every minor in the house (that may be their next idea of a fun game). Violence on television can also be damaging to a childs reaction to the world â€Å"Kids who view violent acts are more likely to show aggressive behavior but also fear that the world is scary and that something bad will happen to them.† (Gavin Online). When young children see these explicit scenes of violence on-screen at that age, most cannot tell the difference from reality so, in the childs mind these bad thing could befall them. Violence occurs so much on shows and movies, some violent acts that happen in life are unnoticed â€Å"The average American child will witness 200,000 violent acts on television by age 18. Kids may become desensitized to violence and more aggressive.† (Gavin Online). It’s important to teach the kids between right and wrong, but this becomes difficult when children are constantly surrounded by television, â€Å"Even though kids are taught by their parents that it’s not right to hit, television says it’s OK to bite, hit, or kick if you’re the good guy. This can lead to confusion when kids try to understand the differenceShow MoreRelatedTelevisions Effect on Families as Expressed in Marie Winns Article The Trouble with Television883 Words   |  4 PagesIt may be hard to admit, but television has become an intricate part of our everyday lives. People children often find themselves sitting in front of the television screen for a longer period of time than before and this has evolved immensely over the past few years. In this article, â€Å"The Trouble with Television,† by the author Marie Winn, mentions that addiction of television is negative effects on children and families. It keeps the families from doing other things and it’s a hidden competitorRead MoreEssay about Children and Television1536 Words   |  7 Pagesaccess to television programming. With the variety of programs available children are exposed to many factors concerning choice. These choices can lead to a wide array of results depending on the type of content which is viewed. Positive programming can promote the learning of valuable skills and knowledge to enable success in life, while negative programming may have diverse opposite effects. The contents of television programming affect the health, behaviors and learned life skills in children. FirstRead MorePositive And Negative Effects Of The Media1364 Words   |  6 Pagesallowing for communication. The abundance of technology such as cell phones, tablets, computers, and television has made the world much more connected than ever. Consequently, more and more Americans are becoming dependent on such devices that make daily tasks easier. Through these connections, the media is able to implement itself into everyday lives, and although these advancements improve peoples lives, there are aspects that are negative. The media tends to be enjoyed for the benefits it offers withRead MoreDesensitization From Lack Of Discretion1614 Words   |à ‚  7 Pagespresence of authority in our lives on the one side. On the other side our country’s moral fabric could come apart, there could be a rise in violence, and the innocence of our children is at risk. It is the innocence of our children that we are going to take a closer look at. What part does uncensored media play in the desensitization of our youth? Why should we be concerned about this issue? What are the immediate implications of immoral media in our children’s lives? How does it affect our adolescenceRead MoreEssay about Television as We Know it Today1035 Words   |  5 PagesTelevision as We Know it Today The Power Rangers, RoadRunner, Bugs Bunny and Yo Sammity Sam. What do all of these have in common? They are all shows upon which we build our child’s playtime. You sit your child in front of the television for hours at a time. They stair at the screen with glossy eyes and total amazement. Yet what is it that they are learning from these shows? It is the hidden message of violence and dysfunction, which keeps children entertained. If you look at all of the showsRead MoreReality Television Has A Negative Impact On Society981 Words   |  4 PagesAs a kind of television programming which has lower production fee and a larger range of audiences,reality television has become a major force of television entertainment.It changes the way audiences watch television by providing imaginary space for them,allowing them fantasize themselves as the part of the show(Hicks,2009).However,while the reality television is argued as ‘highly edited reality’,the positive effects are do ubted by some observers.The reality television in this essay can be definedRead More Cartoon Violence, Has it gone too Far Essay852 Words   |  4 PagesViolence on television in general is damaging to society. But the specific targeting of the younger population through the use of cartoons to show violence is destructive and in no way helping to profit the upcoming generation. Violence in cartoons is harmful to children in many ways. Desensitizing children, increasing aggressiveness, and increasing their fear of becoming victims in real life, are all accredited to violence on television. â€Å"Myriad studies show that television violence affectRead MoreEssay Positive Effects of Television Upon Children1630 Words   |  7 PagesPositive Effects of Television Upon Children   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Without a doubt, television is the central and principal form of communication in many people’s lives. This form is most often exposed to a child who instantly becomes accustomed to its presence. Children are televisions largest audience, as Morris shows, â€Å"Children aged two to five look at the TV tube on an average of 28.4 hours a week; those between the ages of six and eleven average 23.6 hours a week†. Television has played an important roleRead More George Orwells 1984 and Today Essay examples1449 Words   |  6 Pagesstill live in â€Å"The Land of the Free;† however, as we now move into the 21st Century changes brought about by recent advances in technology have changed the way we live forever. Although these new developments have seamed to make everyday life more enjoyable, we must be cautious of the dangers that lie behind them for it is very possible that we are in fact living in a world more similar to that of 1984 than we would like to imagine. In 1949 when Orwell’s novel was published, television was a relativelyRead MoreThe Influence of Television Essay601 Words   |  3 PagesThe Influence of Television Television is a source for top entertainment adored by all ages but the programs are influencing the eyes of the viewers both in a good and bad way. Violence, sex and bad language is currently shown at earlier and earlier times, leaving especially children prone to mature viewing. With the television the most watched object in the country, it is

Television In the Lives of Children Essay - 2610 Words

Television In The Lives Of Children Consistently, everywhere, in this century there seems to be some form of a TV screen. These screens appear in restaurants, schools, at work, at home, and quite possibly more. What is forgotten in society is how that screen may affect the lives of the children in this modern world. When children are constantly watching a television screen there may be consequences to their health and education. Most parents do not have the ability to control what is shown on TV. Many programs disagreeably display marathons after school and during holidays. Supposedly, adult shows are only showed late at night, but with movies becoming more and more explicit, even bed time can’t stop the most determined child. Children’s†¦show more content†¦Violence on the television can also be affecting children’s health. â€Å"Injuries are the leading cause of death in children, and watching unsafe behavior on TV may increase childrens risk-taking behavior.† (Boyse Online). So, when watching Americas Funniest Home Videos make sure to monitor every minor in the house (that may be their next idea of a fun game). Violence on television can also be damaging to a childs reaction to the world â€Å"Kids who view violent acts are more likely to show aggressive behavior but also fear that the world is scary and that something bad will happen to them.† (Gavin Online). When young children see these explicit scenes of violence on-screen at that age, most cannot tell the difference from reality so, in the childs mind these bad thing could befall them. Violence occurs so much on shows and movies, some violent acts that happen in life are unnoticed â€Å"The average American child will witness 200,000 violent acts on television by age 18. Kids may become desensitized to violence and more aggressive.† (Gavin Online). It’s important to teach the kids between right and wrong, but this becomes difficult when children are constantly surrounded by television, â€Å"Even though kids are taught by their parents that it’s not right to hit, television says it’s OK to bite, hit, or kick if you’re the good guy. This can lead to confusion when kids try to understand the differenceShow MoreRelatedTelevisions Effect on Families as Expressed in Marie Winns Article The Trouble with Television883 Words   |  4 PagesIt may be hard to admit, but television has become an intricate part of our everyday lives. People children often find themselves sitting in front of the television screen for a longer period of time than before and this has evolved immensely over the past few years. In this article, â€Å"The Trouble with Television,† by the author Marie Winn, mentions that addiction of television is negative effects on children and families. It keeps the families from doing other things and it’s a hidden competitorRead MoreEssay about Children and Television1536 Words   |  7 Pagesaccess to television programming. With the variety of programs available children are exposed to many factors concerning choice. These choices can lead to a wide array of results depending on the type of content which is viewed. Positive programming can promote the learning of valuable skills and knowledge to enable success in life, while negative programming may have diverse opposite effects. The contents of television programming affect the health, behaviors and learned life skills in children. FirstRead MorePositive And Negative Effects Of The Media1364 Words   |  6 Pagesallowing for communication. The abundance of technology such as cell phones, tablets, computers, and television has made the world much more connected than ever. Consequently, more and more Americans are becoming dependent on such devices that make daily tasks easier. Through these connections, the media is able to implement itself into everyday lives, and although these advancements improve peoples lives, there are aspects that are negative. The media tends to be enjoyed for the benefits it offers withRead MoreDesensitization From Lack Of Discretion1614 Words   |à ‚  7 Pagespresence of authority in our lives on the one side. On the other side our country’s moral fabric could come apart, there could be a rise in violence, and the innocence of our children is at risk. It is the innocence of our children that we are going to take a closer look at. What part does uncensored media play in the desensitization of our youth? Why should we be concerned about this issue? What are the immediate implications of immoral media in our children’s lives? How does it affect our adolescenceRead MoreEssay about Television as We Know it Today1035 Words   |  5 PagesTelevision as We Know it Today The Power Rangers, RoadRunner, Bugs Bunny and Yo Sammity Sam. What do all of these have in common? They are all shows upon which we build our child’s playtime. You sit your child in front of the television for hours at a time. They stair at the screen with glossy eyes and total amazement. Yet what is it that they are learning from these shows? It is the hidden message of violence and dysfunction, which keeps children entertained. 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Television In the Lives of Children Essay - 2610 Words

Television In The Lives Of Children Consistently, everywhere, in this century there seems to be some form of a TV screen. These screens appear in restaurants, schools, at work, at home, and quite possibly more. What is forgotten in society is how that screen may affect the lives of the children in this modern world. When children are constantly watching a television screen there may be consequences to their health and education. Most parents do not have the ability to control what is shown on TV. Many programs disagreeably display marathons after school and during holidays. Supposedly, adult shows are only showed late at night, but with movies becoming more and more explicit, even bed time can’t stop the most determined child. Children’s†¦show more content†¦Violence on the television can also be affecting children’s health. â€Å"Injuries are the leading cause of death in children, and watching unsafe behavior on TV may increase childrens risk-taking behavior.† (Boyse Online). So, when watching Americas Funniest Home Videos make sure to monitor every minor in the house (that may be their next idea of a fun game). Violence on television can also be damaging to a childs reaction to the world â€Å"Kids who view violent acts are more likely to show aggressive behavior but also fear that the world is scary and that something bad will happen to them.† (Gavin Online). When young children see these explicit scenes of violence on-screen at that age, most cannot tell the difference from reality so, in the childs mind these bad thing could befall them. Violence occurs so much on shows and movies, some violent acts that happen in life are unnoticed â€Å"The average American child will witness 200,000 violent acts on television by age 18. Kids may become desensitized to violence and more aggressive.† (Gavin Online). 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Nurse`s Work Free Essays

string(175) " injury or internal bleeding can quickly deplete an individual’s body of blood and cause low blood pressure† \(Saljoughian, 2014\) which can support my statement\." I am a staff nurse work at government sector at hematology department. My service as a staff nurse almost 4 years. This is my semester 2 assignment which is to write a case study for my patient. We will write a custom essay sample on Nurse`s Work or any similar topic only for you Order Now I choose a patient with diagnosis of aplastic anemia as my case study for this semester. Aplastic anemia is a one type of blood disorder. The body’s bone marrow in which the soft tissue in the center of bones doesn’t make enough blood cells. (Bennington-Castro, 2015) . Our blood is composed of three types of blood cells in a liquid called blood plasma which is red blood cells, white blood cells and platelet. Red blood cells help to carry fresh oxygen to the body’s cells and take carbon dioxide away from cells (and to the lungs to be exhaled).While the function of white blood cells is help to fight infections and foreign invaders. Platelets are disk-shaped cell fragments which help to form blood clots to stop bleeding. These blood cells have their own lifespan and die naturally, to be replaced by new blood cells formed in bone marrow. Without this replacement process, health issues involving the heart and lungs, bleeding, and infection can develop. As a nurse, we should be very careful when taking care of patient with aplastic anemia. The purpose of this paper is to examine an aplastic anemia patient with respect to review of subjective and objective data, determination of nursing diagnosis, formation of outcomes with interventions, evaluation of the outcomes that can be identified based on the patient’s scenario. This paper will further discuss about the main risk problem that patient will be develop and the nursing intervention for the problem developed. (Knott, 2014) In his article: Epidemiology? The annual incidence of aplastic anemia is about two cases per million population.? Aplastic anemia is 2-3 times more common in Asia than in the West.? Acquired aplastic anemia most commonly presents between the ages of 15 years and 25 years but there is a second smaller peak in incidence after age 60 years.? Certain histocompatibility locus specificities, especially HLA DR2, are associated with an underlying predisposition to acquired aplastic anemia.Nursing assessmentSubjective dataMr. X is 57 years old gentleman, came from one of the island at Malaysia, was admitted from casualty into ward on 17/11/17 with complained of mild dizziness, gum bleeding the day before admitted but he stated that it resolve after brushing teeth. He denies any chest pain, palpitations, orthopnea, cough, fever, or chills. According to the Mr. X he has been diagnose as aplastic anemia since February 2016 from the BMAT result on Feb 2016. Patient also stated that he have known case of hypertension since 2012. According to the patient again he have previous admission on 17/5/17 till 10/6/17 for UGIB secondary to thrombocytopenia. On 20/7/17, he was admitted due to low platelet count and bleeding at gum. He was again hospitalized on 9/9/17 due to lot platelet count. Patient denies consume of alcohol and smoking. He claims that he has no family history of malignancy and bleeding disorder. According to the patient, he is allergy to the antibiotic penicillin which will make his body develop rashes and itchiness with mild short of breath but no known of food allergy. Currently patient claims that he staying with his wife and son.Objective dataPatient is alert, awake and oriented to self, place, and time. Full Glasgow coma scale noted (15/15). Upon physical examination, noticed scattered petechiae (pinpoint hemorrhages from arterioles or venules) at the buccal mucosa and over bilateral upper limb and lower limb. Vital sign taken during the admission (17/11/17) Blood pressure: 110/60mmHg Pulse rate: 100/min Respiratory rate: 20/min Underarm temperature: 37 degree Celsius Blood oxygen saturation (Spo2): 99% on room air Pain score: 1 Weight: 70kg Height: 162cm Body mass index (BMI): 26 Diagnostic lab taken during the admission (17/11/17). TEST RESULT Unit NORMAL RANGEHemoglobin (HGB) 7.8 g/dl 13.0-17.0Hematocrit (HCT) 22.4 % 40.0-50.0Platelet 4 10^3/uL 150-410White Cell Count (WCC) 1.3 10^3/uL 4.00-10.00Clinical progressReviewed by doctor in the ward, plan for 4 unit platelet transfusion and 1 pint packed cell transfusion, watch out for bleeding tendency and was started medication iv tranexamic acid 1g TDS and mouthwash tranexamic acid 10mls TDS. On the 19/11/17, 4 unit platelet transfusion done and no reaction noted during the transfusion. No sign and symptom of bleeding noted. Nursing Diagnosis The main nursing problem concern for this patient is risk of bleeding related to low platelet count follow by risk of fall related to dizziness. This paper will focus on risk of bleeding related to low platelet count based on the data collected. The nursing care plan will include intervention that is mostly to provide health education for the patient, bleeding precaution and bleeding reduction as well.Nursing Plan and InterventionFirstly, nurse should assess sign and symptom of bleeding. Assessment of skin and mucous membrane for sign and symptom of petechial, brushing, hematoma formation, oozing of blood is important because patient with low platelet count might experience bleeding into tissue. For my patient, I assess that he has scattered petechial (pinpoint hemorrhages from arterioles or venules) at the buccal mucosa and over bilateral upper limb and lower limb on the day of his admission. After been transfused 4 unit of platelet on 19/11/17 no more petechial noted at patient buccal mucosa while the petechial on the bilateral upper limb and lower limb is reducing. Beside this, monitor patient’s vital sign is important especially blood pressure and heart rate to look for orthostatic hypotension. Tachycardia and hypotension are initial compensatory mechanisms always can noted with bleeding (Wayne, 2016). Marc Hemeryck, a Medical advisor General Practitioner ; Geriatrics also state that hemorrhaging from internal and external can cause low blood pressure, so the heart needs to boost its output by pumping faster, thus this form of tachycardia is a necessary means for the body to compensate for the lower blood flow. (â€Å"What are possible causes of tachycardia and hypotension?† n.d.) This is supported by  Ã¢â‚¬Å"a major injury or internal bleeding can quickly deplete an individual’s body of blood and cause low blood pressure† (Saljoughian, 201 4) which can support my statement. You read "Nurse`s Work" in category "Papers" During the whole admission, 4 hourly vital sign was monitored and no abnormal reading noticed. Stool and urine should be inspect as well to look for any melena stool or hematuria. Melena stool may be a sign of bleeding from upper gastrointestinal (Ansari, 2016). Whereas hematuria may indicate bleeding somewhere along the urinary tract (Mandal, 2014). Mr. x have a normal bowel open, no melena stool noted and normal urine output with amber color urine noted. Lab result such as hematocrit and hemoglobin can be monitor because when bleeding is not visible, decrease of hematocrit and hemoglobin can be an early sign of bleeding (Gil Wayne, 2016). During admission, Mr. X hemoglobin level noted is 7.8, after being transfused of 1 pint packed cell hemoglobin increase to 9.0.Health care personnel should avoid intravenous or subcutaneous injection or rectal procedure such as enema and rectal temperature as possible as this can stimulate bleeding to patient and to reduce unnecessary bleeding (â€Å"Risk for Bleeding | Bleeding | Platelet†, 2012).   [Should have been cited as www.scribd.com/doc/97160447 (2012)] H If subcutaneous or intravenous procedure are needed for the patient, apply pressure to the puncture site. No subcutaneous procedure one to Mr. X but only intravenous procedure (set intravenous line) applied since medication IV Tranexamic acid was ordered by doctor. Whereas, body temperature was taken on underarm for Mr. X and no rectal temperature taken. Maintaining safe environment for patient such as raise side rail for confuse or restless patient, make sure floor is dry and have enough light can prevent patient from fall or injury. Mr. X is located at bed 12 which have adequate lighting and the floor at the ward always dry including the toilet. Medication adherence can help to reduce the risk of bleeding. Nurses should monitor patient to take his/her medication in the ward. I always make sure my patient to take his medication on time. Sometimes patient will request to take meal or to take bath before taking his medication and I will monitor again if the patient already take the prescribed medication. Heath education play an important role in our nursing. â€Å"It is a much better idea to avoid bleeding rather than having it and then trying to deal with it† (Naik, n.d.). For this case, nurses can educate patient about precautionary measures to prevent tissue trauma or disruption of the normal clotting mechanisms. In the Nurses lab risk for bleeding, by giving information to patient regarding precaution measures can decrease the risk for bleeding (Wayne, 2016). To maintain an oral hygiene, patient can use a soft-bristled toothbrush and nonabrasive toothpaste and avoid the use of toothpicks and dental floss. Mouthwash tranexamic acid are prescribed to Mr. X and he was advice to buy a soft-bristled toothbrush to use. Patient follow the advice given. Educate to the patient and family members about signs of bleeding such as petechial that need to be reported to a health care provider are vital as the health care provider can take early action and treatment for the patient which can reduce the complication from blood loss. Mr. X always been remind by staff nurses to inform if he notice any brushing in the body of gum bleeding while brush teeth. Educate to patient the important need to use water-soluble lubricants during sexual intercourse as lubricants are used to reduce friction and tissue trauma that increase the risk for bleeding. Mr. also being teach to use lubricants. Teach the patient about measures to reduce  constipation  such as increased fluid intake and dietary fiber. Hard and dry feces may cause trauma to the mucous membranes of the  colon  and rectum. Increasing fluid intake and dietary fiber soften the fecal mass for easier defecation. I advised my patient to take more vegetables and fluid intake to get easier defecation and Mr. x total fluid intake was around 1.5 litter per day. Educate patient not do heavy lifting, contact sports, or strenuous exercise as it may increase the bleeding tendency. Mr. X was always being advised not to do heavy lifting or strenuous exercise and he understand about that. Patient’s daily activity at home include washing clothes and cooking. Patient should be informed to wear proper fitting shoes all the time both in and out doors to avoid cuts on their feet (â€Å"Learn about Managing Your Chemotherapy†, 2016). Mr. X are told to wear proper shoes and I noticed that patient always wear sli ppers instead of wearing shoes. Educate the patient and family members about limiting the use of herbal remedies that can increased risk for bleeding like dongquai, feverfew, ginger, ginkgo biloba, and chamomile). Most herbal preparations interfere with platelet aggregation through inhibition of serotonin release from the platelet. Other herbs increase the effect of antiplatelet and anticoagulant medications, thus increasing the risk for bleeding. The following herbs can increase the bleeding tendency to a low platelet patients (Peters, n.d.): GINGER- Ginger is for gastric, distress, migraines and headaches but it can interfere with platelet function. GINSENG- Use to treat colic, infections, aging, and stress. It can increase bleeding, and have side effects of nausea, headaches, and blood pressure changes. GINKO- Used to treat Alzheimer’s and other memory disorders but it also been associated with excess perioperative bleeding. GARLIC- Garlic has been used as a medicine for centuries. It has been advocated for high blood pressure, fungal infections, heart attack and cancer. Consumption of garlic in high doses resulting in bleeding, nausea and vomiting as well as low blood sugar.Besides from herbal remedies, patient with high risk of bleeding should be very careful about their daily diet. Some food can lead to increase bleeding tendency. The Platelet Disorder Support Association (PDSA) states that the most common offenders for low platelet patients are foods that contain quinine (tonic water, bitter lemon, bitter melon), aspartame (diet soda, sugar-free and low-fat candy and cakes) or alcohol such as beer, wine, hard liquor (â€Å"Eating for Health†, n.d.). (Stein, 2017) Says â€Å"Leafy green vegetables and dairy product can help to reduce the risk of bleeding† in which this can support my statement. Leafy green vegetables are the best sources of vitamin K. The Platelet Disorder Support Association also recommends  foods like leafy green vegetables rich in vitamin K which is important for blood clotting and platelet creation. Chairman Tan, registered dietitian at Seventeen Nutrition Consultants advises: â€Å"Green leafy vegetables such as broccoli, spinach, kale, Chinese vegetables like choi sum and kai lan are rich with antioxidants and rich in vitamins and minerals which are believed to reduce inflammation and help increase platelet count. (South China Morning Post, 2018) Dairy products such as milk can help your blood clot because of their calcium. Calcium is an essential mineral at seven different points in the coagulation cascade that results in blood clotting when you’ve cut yourself, The Platelet Disorder Support Association recommends following an anti-inflammatory or macrobiotic diet to increase platelet counts. This diet focuses on whole grains, beans and vegetables and reduces animal foods. Sesame oil has properties that can increase the platelet levels. Two tablespoons of a natural sesame oil when taken orally twice a day, and even rubbing some externally on lymph node areas can help to increase platelet counts over a period of several weeks (SINGLETON, 2017).  I have told MR. X to consume more leafy green vegetables and drink more milk at home and I strongly remind him not to take herbs as it might increase the bleeding tendency and he claimed that he didn’t take any herbs from others.EvaluationPatient being discharge on 20/11/17 with prescribed medication. Patient manage to get well and reduce bleeding tendency by adhere to the medication prescribed. Thus from here, nurses play an importance role in ensure patient is adherence to their medication to prevent bleeding for deteriorate. Beside for adherence to the medication, patient supposed to be advice to strictly follow the date given by doctor for their To Come Again (TCA) appointment to have regular blood checkup as this can detect early sign of bleeding. During the admission, patient not receive any injury like fall because the environment provided is safe for the patient. Patient aware that he cannot do any hard activities that might cause bleeding. This case study can managed to meet the desired goal.ConclusionAlthough aplastic anemia is consider incurable but the prevention of bleeding form aplastic anemia can reduce a lot of complication that can threat one’s life. Hence patient must be instruct clearly about the adherence to the medication prescribed. Diet also play a vital role in reducing the bleeding tendency hence must be strictly implemented. Continuous of blood checkup must be strictly follow. Thus it is important to the nurses to provide a good heath education to the patient to increase patient awareness regarding the prevention of the bleeding that will take patient’s life. Prevention is better can cure. We may never understand illnesses such as cancer. In fact, we may never cure it. But an ounce of prevention is worth more than a million pounds of cure. (Agus, n.d.). In writing of this case study, I feel happy that this writing meet the desired outcome. No further bleeding noted for my patient and no further deterioration condition developed. I have learnt many things after writing this case study and I hope that I can use it to others patient as well to increase their health and living. I have learn what intervention I should do while patient in the ward and what education I can give to patient when he discharge. I manage to know what diet are recommended to the patient and what diet are not recommended to the patient. I feel glad to write this case study because I able to use this knowledge from what I have learnt not only to teach my patient but also to share the knowledge among my colleagues to improve our nursing care. In future, to improve the nursing care and practice, nurses might can put a sign over the patient’s bed as a reminder of bleeding precaution. This will make all the health care provider be more alert when handling to the patient. Besides that, those patient with high risk of bleeding can wear a bracelet as a sign of bleeding precaution to others as well. Environment also take a vital role in patient’s safety. Nurses can advise patient and patient’s family to create a safety environment such as put a holder in the bathroom as the floor wet and might easily fall down and not only focuses on the dry floor and adequate lighting. Creating a group of patient will high risk of bleeding can be consider as well. Nurses can gather them all and provide a health education to the patient. This can increase their awareness of the bleeding precaution. At the same time they can communicate and share their experience to reduce the risk of bleeding. I hope this will improve our nursing care and practice with a patient with high risk of bleeding tendency. Together we work to improve our patient’s well-being and our nursing care practice as a professional nurse. How to cite Nurse`s Work, Papers